Yes, Accesslogging is an included feature in Teradata. You can log only Inserts/Deletes for a given table. The log captures the SQL statement, userid, and start time of the event.
Here is a sample SQL to enable logging:
Begin logging on each insert, delete on table mydb.mytable;
You can then query the "table" DBC.AccessLog to see the results of the logging. One note of caution, DBC.AccessLog is not maintained by the system. The system only inserts rows, you have to role your own delete to keep the table to a reasonable size.