I don't think so, because the docs say this:
Tree nodes can optionally display a check box. To display the check boxes, set the CheckBoxes property of the TreeView to true. The Checked property is set to true for tree nodes that are in a checked state.
You could fake this by turning checkboxes off for the TreeView, and then using an ImageList to display a fake checkbox when the node is clicked.
If you're ambitious, you could try inheriting from TreeNode and creating your own TreeNode class. I'm not sure how that would interact with the TreeView's GetNodeAt(), GetNodeCount(), etc. methods.
Chip H.