somting like this should work using DAO
Dim dbs As Database, tdf As TableDef
Dim fld As Field, fldexist As Boolean
Set dbs = CurrentDb
Set tdf = dbs.TableDefs!table1
For Each fld In tdf.Fields
If fld.Name = "test1" Then fldexist = True
Next fld
If fldexist = False Then
Set fld = tdf.CreateField("test1", dbText, 11)
tdf.Fields.Append fld
End If
Set dbs = Nothing