Portfast tell the switch to bring up the port, before it finishes the spanning-tree process.
If a switch connection comes up before the spanning-tree process, there could be a loop in your network. Spanning-tree allows you to have physical loops (one active and the rest disabled). If you bring the connection up, before spanning-tree knows about it you'll have a loop. When a loop happens, packets will ride the network mary-go-round.
It's good network design to have a physical network loop, but spanning-tree keeps the network loop free. Hope this makes sense.
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