[0] Those attributes are within loan element. Hence, as shown, xs:element name="loan" is closed before you listing out its attributes is incorrect.
[1] The simpleType element cannot be child of xs:sequence etc... If you want to define simpleType, either you put it directly under the xs:schema as child of it, we may called it (named) global simpleType element or directly under the corresponding xs:attribute without name attribute, making it "local" (anonymous) simpleType.
[2] "date" itself is not defined as any type. It would be unacceptable. w3 schem has some date type but continental dd/mm/yy or mm/dd/yy won't be recognized. You've to define your own.
[2.1] To define rigorously against all oddity that way won't be very straightforward, even awkward. I will show you a simplified version, accepting 31/04, or 20/02... below.
[3] This is how it would appear for a proper schema.
[tt]
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="[ignore]
[/ignore]">
<xs:simpleType name="minam">
<xs:restriction base="xs

ositiveInteger">
<xs:minInclusive value="500" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="maxam">
<xs:restriction base="xs

ositiveInteger">
<xs:maxInclusive value="2500" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="mint">
<xs:restriction base="xs

ositiveInteger">
<xs:minInclusive value="6" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="maxt">
<xs:restriction base="xs

ositiveInteger">
<xs:maxInclusive value="24" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
[blue]<xs:simpleType name="date">
<xs:restriction base="xs

ositiveInteger">
<xs

attern value="(0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/(0[1-9]|1[0-2])/(0[1-9]|[1-9][0-9])" />
</xs:simpleType>[/blue]
<xs:element name="feed">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="products">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="loans">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="loan">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence />
<xs:attribute name="provider" type="xs:string" />
<xs:attribute name="activationDate" type="date" />
<xs:attribute name="productName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:attribute name="minimumAmount" type="minam" />
<xs:attribute name="maximumAmount" type="maxam"/>
<xs:attribute name="minimumTerm" type="mint" />
<xs:attribute name="maximumTerm" type="maxt"/>
<xs:attribute name="rate" type="xs:decimal"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
[/tt]
[3.1] I edit the lines in the textarea, so watch typo etc... and since there are quite a few subtle changes, it would to laborous to highlight every change. You've to compare it with yours.
[4] You have maxt max set to 24. Your xml have 36. Unless you want to check for validation, you've to change one data or another.