No.
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OK, I know that's not what you wanted to hear..., but the solution's not too hard. If you have a PHP installed on your server, it's quite easy to select data from MySQL and create a Javascript array out of that data.
If you don't have PHP installed on your server... it's usually very easy, either for a Windows server or a Unix one. (as a plus, PHP's syntax is a lot like Javascript) If you still don't want PHP, then you can use Perl or ASP to do the job, but it will be a little more work.
Without a server-side programming language you can't just access data from the server's database.
One reason I think many have gotten the idea that you can get data via Javascript is that dang-blasted Microsoft technology known as 'data-binding', which let's IE use a simple bit of client-side script along with some weird mix of ActiveX, ODBC, Java, or what-have-you. It's not highly recommended for an enterprise server, and it doesn't work with Netscape or any other browser besides IE/Win.
I suppose if you really wanted to go around Jupiter to get to the Moon, you could install MySQL on a Windows NT server, use MyODBC, and possibly manage some data-binding, but PHP would be so much easier, and would work for any browser.