In simple terms, the finder is the OS. Something is causing the OS to crash. What is it?
Try going to the Control Panel>Extension Manager and select the minimal startup set. Reboot. If you do not need to force quit the Finder, you have narrowed your problem down to a problematic extension. Experiment to see which extension is giving grief (a bad extension load is indicated by a red X over the icons that appear at the bottom of the screen during boot.
If the problem is not an extension, see if there is a rogue document in the print que - - or if there is something odd in System Folder>Startup Items.