There is not usually a circuit breaker or reset in a computer. The power supply unit will probably have a mains fuse inside it, usually rated at about 5 Amps, but if this had blown you would not even get the fan or front panel l.e.d.s to come on, albeit only for an instant. Be aware that there are very dangerous voltages lurking inside a computer PSU (sometimes even when it is switched off and disconnected). If you not familiar with, and understand power supply circuitry, with respect I suggest that you do not contemplate poking about inside!
If you want to try and troubleshoot your PC, then first of all disconnect peripherals, e.g. printer etc. Assuming this makes no difference you are now at the take-top-off-case stage. Try re-seating memory, re-seat cards plugged into the mobo slots, and re-seat the processor, making sure no pins are bent over whilst pushing it back into the socket. Any joy? Next is to remove all add-in cards other than your video card. Next stage if no joy is to disconnect all ribbon cables from your drives and also the power cables. Now also try removing the video card and pull out keyboard and mouse. Now all you should have attached to the PSU is the motherboard. I have come across a similar scenario where a loose screw had become lodged under the mobo, and shorted out part of the circuit causing the PSU to shut down. Unlikely but should be considered... If it still doesn't play ball, then I suggest you try substituting the PSU.
Good luck.
ROGER - GØAOZ.