You mean checksum algorithm (MD5, etc.)?
Checksum algorithm is typically used to ensure that the binary of the files downloaded over the net matches the original ones. I am not quite familiar with its details but you can look it up on google.
However, checksum does not prevent people from altering your files.
You can also digitally sign the files. Use PGP or GNU's GPG programs. The recipients can check for the files signature, and it will flag if the files are altered or corrupted.