Ultra Easy Collision Detection and Game Demo

[TheTuna]

If you've ever wanted to do a little game programming in vb, there's a simple way to do collision detection between two objects using the IntersectRect API Function and the RECT type...

Below is a form that contains a break-out style game, demonstrating bouncing a 'ball' into 'bricks'.

Let me first describe how IntersectRect works:

You need three RECTangles, defined as TYPEs as follows:

Private Type RECT
Left As Long
Top As Long
Right As Long
Bottom As Long
End Type

You'll also declare the IntersectRect API function using:

Private Declare Function IntersectRect Lib "user32" _
(lpDestRect As RECT, lpSrc1Rect As RECT, lpSrc2Rect As RECT) As Long

This function requires 3 RECTangles. The first 'lbDestRect' is the resulting rectange created frome the 'intersection' of two others. lpSrc1Rect and lpSrc2Rect are the two boxes you are testing for a collision of.

The code below is a form. Copy the code below and paste it into notepad and save it as Form1.frm. Open the form in VB 5 or 6 and run it. I've commented the code to make things easier to understand. Enjoy!




VERSION 5.00
Begin VB.Form Form1
Caption = "Form1"
ClientHeight = 4830
ClientLeft = 60
ClientTop = 450
ClientWidth = 6540
LinkTopic = "Form1"
ScaleHeight = 4830
ScaleWidth = 6540
StartUpPosition = 3 'Windows Default
Begin VB.Timer timBallBounce
Interval = 10
Left = 4215
Top = 3960
End
Begin VB.Timer timCollisions
Interval = 10
Left = 4680
Top = 3960
End
Begin VB.PictureBox picBox
Appearance = 0 'Flat
BackColor = &H00404040&
ForeColor = &H80000008&
Height = 4395
Left = 180
ScaleHeight = 4365
ScaleWidth = 6105
TabIndex = 0
Top = 210
Width = 6135
Begin VB.PictureBox picPaddle
Appearance = 0 'Flat
BackColor = &H80000005&
ForeColor = &H80000008&
Height = 195
Left = 2310
ScaleHeight = 165
ScaleWidth = 975
TabIndex = 2
Top = 3585
Width = 1005
End
Begin VB.PictureBox picBall
Appearance = 0 'Flat
BackColor = &H80000005&
ForeColor = &H80000008&
Height = 165
Left = 705
ScaleHeight = 135
ScaleWidth = 120
TabIndex = 1
Top = 2055
Width = 150
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 49
Left = 615
Top = 885
Width = 615Private Declare Function IntersectRect Lib "user32" _
(lpDestRect As RECT, lpSrc1Rect As RECT, lpSrc2Rect As RECT) As Long

End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 48
Left = 1230
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 47
Left = 1830
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 46
Left = 2445
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 45
Left = 3060
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 44
Left = 3675
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 43
Left = 4275
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 42
Left = 0
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 41
Left = 4890
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 40
Left = 5505
Top = 885
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 39
Left = 5520
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 38
Left = 4905
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 37
Left = 4290
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 36
Left = 3675
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 35
Left = 3075
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 34
Left = 2460
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 33
Left = 1860
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 32
Left = 1245
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 31
Left = 630
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 30
Left = 15
Top = 1185
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 29
Left = 0
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 28
Left = 615
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 27
Left = 1230
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 26
Left = 1845
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 25
Left = 2445
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 24
Left = 3060
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 23
Left = 3660
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 22
Left = 4275
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 21
Left = 4890
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 20
Left = 5505
Top = 600
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 19
Left = 5490
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 18
Left = 5490
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 17
Left = 4875
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 16
Left = 4875
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 15
Left = -15
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 14
Left = 4260
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 13
Left = 3660
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 12
Left = 3045
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 11
Left = 2430
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 10
Left = 1815
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 9
Left = 1215
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 8
Left = 600
Top = 300
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 7
Left = 4260
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 6
Left = 3645
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 5
Left = 3045
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 4
Left = 2430
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 3
Left = 1830
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 2
Left = 1215
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 1
Left = 600
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 0
Left = -15
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
End
End
Attribute VB_Name = "Form1"
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
Dim Speed As Integer

Dim YY As Integer ' The Up/Down Direction Variable for the 'BALL'
Dim XX As Integer ' The Left/Right Direction Variable for the 'Ball'

'''''''''''' The IntersectRect API call provides functional Collision Detection
''' lpDestRect receives the RESULTING rectangle where lpSrc1Rect and lpSrc2Rect meet.
''' the function returns 0 if no collision exists, and 1 if there is a collision
''' this is our 'test', in that we simply test if the result = 1 or 0


Private Type RECT ' The RECT type is used to identify borders of bricks and balls
Left As Long ' NOTE That you CANNOT Use the IntersectRect function without RECT!
Top As Long
Right As Long
Bottom As Long
End Type


Private Sub Form_Initialize()
Randomize ' make random truly random
Speed = 14 ' the starting speed (ie. points to move the ball per interval)
YY = Speed ' Assign the speed to the YY (up/down) variable
XX = Speed ' and the Left/Right variable
picBall.Left = Int(Rnd * picBox.Width - picBall.Width) + 4 ' randomly place the ball left to right

End Sub

Private Sub picBox_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
picPaddle.Left = X ' this moves the paddle left and right when you move the mouse (in the box)
End Sub

Private Sub timBallBounce_Timer()

If Speed > 50 Then Speed = 50 ' keep the speed to a semi reasonable value

If YY < 0 Then YY = -Speed ' if the ball is moving UP, re-assign the speed going UP
If YY > 0 Then YY = Speed ' if the ball is moving DOWN, re-assign the speed going DOWN
If XX < 0 Then XX = -Speed ' if the ball is moving LEFT, re-assign the speed going LEFT
If XX > 0 Then XX = Speed ' if the ball is moving right, re-assign the speed going RIGHT

If picBall.Top >= picBox.Height - picBall.Height Then YY = YY * -1 ' bounce off the Bottom
If picBall.Top < 1 Then YY = YY * -1: picBall.Top = 1 ' bounce off the TOP
If picBall.Left <= 1 Then XX = XX * -1 ' bounce off the LEFT
If picBall.Left >= picBox.Width - picBall.Width Then ' bounce off the RIGHT
picBall.Left = picBox.Width - picBall.Width ' sometimes the ball
XX = XX * -1 ' gets stuck on the right wall
End If ' without this little snippit

picBall.Left = picBall.Left + XX ' Actually MOVE THE BALL LEFT or RIGHT
picBall.Top = picBall.Top + YY ' Actually MOVE THE BALL Up or DOWN

End Sub


Private Sub timCollisions_Timer()
Dim Ball As RECT ' The Ball's RECTangle
Dim Brick(55) As RECT ' the Bricks RECTangles
Dim ResRect As RECT ' the Resulting RECTangle of a collision (we dont test this)
Dim Paddle As RECT ' the Paddle's RECTange

Dim bars As Integer

With Paddle ' Make the Paddle RECTangle stay positioned with the
.Top = picPaddle.Top ' actual paddle 'picPaddle'
.Left = picPaddle.Left
.Right = picPaddle.Left + picPaddle.Width
.Bottom = picPaddle.Top + picPaddle.Height
End With

With Ball ' Make the Ball RECTangle stay positioned witht the
.Top = picBall.Top ' actual Ball 'picBall'
.Left = picBall.Left
.Right = picBall.Left + picBall.Width
.Bottom = picBall.Top + picBall.Height
End With

If IntersectRect(ResRect, Ball, Paddle) Then ' A booleanesque 1 fires if the ball and paddle
Speed = Speed + 1 ' intersect. We reverse the UP/DOWN in that case
YY = -Speed
picBall.Left = picBall.Left + Int(Rnd * 28) + 14 ' this helps prevent getting stuck bouncing in the same places
Exit Sub
End If

For bars = 0 To ShapeBar.UBound ' Start a loop... one for each brick (i called them bars here for some reason)

With Brick(bars) ' draw the RECTangle location for each brick
.Top = ShapeBar(bars).Top
.Left = ShapeBar(bars).Left
.Right = ShapeBar(bars).Left + ShapeBar(bars).Width
.Bottom = ShapeBar(bars).Top + ShapeBar(bars).Height
End With

If ShapeBar(bars).Visible = True Then ' if a brick is visible, test for Collision with BALL!
If IntersectRect(ResRect, Ball, Brick(bars)) Then 'A booleanesque 1 fires and we hit a brick
ShapeBar(bars).Visible = False 'Hide that brick we hit
Speed = Speed + 1 'Go faster!
If YY > 0 Then Exit Sub ' Ball moving down? Then let it keep going!
YY = YY * -1 ' Reverse the ball's UP/DOWN direction
End If
End If
DoEvents ' it's a fast loop, but still, lets free windows for giggles
Next bars
End Sub


No Dolphins were harmed in the posting of this message... Dolphin Friendly Tuna!

 

[TheTuna]

OOPS... ran out of space... cut the following to finish up the form. Paste this below the previous post into one file using notepad...


Left = 2430
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 3
Left = 1830
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 2
Left = 1215
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillColor = &H000000FF&
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 1
Left = 600
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
Begin VB.Shape ShapeBar
BackStyle = 1 'Opaque
FillStyle = 0 'Solid
Height = 300
Index = 0
Left = -15
Top = 0
Width = 615
End
End
End
Attribute VB_Name = &quot;Form1&quot;
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
Dim Speed As Integer

Dim YY As Integer ' The Up/Down Direction Variable for the 'BALL'
Dim XX As Integer ' The Left/Right Direction Variable for the 'Ball'

'''''''''''' The IntersectRect API call provides ''' this is our 'test', in that we simply test if the result = 1 or 0


Private Type RECT ' The RECT type is used to identify borders of bricks and balls
Left As Long ' NOTE That you CANNOT Use the IntersectRect function without RECT!
Top As Long
Right As Long
Bottom As Long
End Type


Private Sub Form_Initialize()
Randomize ' make random truly random
Speed = 14 ' the starting speed (ie. points to move the ball per interval)
YY = Speed ' Assign the speed to the YY (up/down) variable
XX = Speed ' and the Left/Right variable
picBall.Left = Int(Rnd * picBox.Width - picBall.Width) + 4 ' randomly place the ball left to right

End Sub

Private Sub picBox_MouseMove(Button As Integer, Shift As Integer, X As Single, Y As Single)
picPaddle.Left = X ' this moves the paddle left and right when you move the mouse (in the box)
End Sub

Private Sub timBallBounce_Timer()

If Speed > 50 Then Speed = 50 ' keep the speed to a semi reasonable value

If YY < 0 Then YY = -Speed ' if the ball is moving UP, re-assign the speed going UP
If YY > 0 Then YY = Speed ' if the ball is moving DOWN, re-assign the speed going DOWN
If XX < 0 Then XX = -Speed ' if the ball is moving LEFT, re-assign the speed going LEFT
If XX > 0 Then XX = Speed ' if the ball is moving right, re-assign the speed going RIGHT

If picBall.Top >= picBox.Height - picBall.Height Then YY = YY * -1 ' bounce off the Bottom
If picBall.Top < 1 Then YY = YY * -1: picBall.Top = 1 ' bounce off the TOP
If picBall.Left <= 1 Then XX = XX * -1 ' bounce off the LEFT
If picBall.Left >= picBox.Width - picBall.Width Then ' bounce off the RIGHT
picBall.Left = picBox.Width - picBall.Width ' sometimes the ball
XX = XX * -1 ' gets stuck on the right wall
End If ' without this little snippit

picBall.Left = picBall.Left + XX ' Actually MOVE THE BALL LEFT or RIGHT
picBall.Top = picBall.Top + YY ' Actually MOVE THE BALL Up or DOWN

End Sub


Private Sub timCollisions_Timer()
Dim Ball As RECT ' The Ball's RECTangle
Dim Brick(55) As RECT ' the Bricks RECTangles
Dim ResRect As RECT ' the Resulting RECTangle of a collision (we dont test this)
Dim Paddle As RECT ' the Paddle's RECTange

Dim bars As Integer

With Paddle ' Make the Paddle RECTangle stay positioned with the
.Top = picPaddle.Top ' actual paddle 'picPaddle'
.Left = picPaddle.Left
.Right = picPaddle.Left + picPaddle.Width
.Bottom = picPaddle.Top + picPaddle.Height
End With

With Ball ' Make the Ball RECTangle stay positioned witht the
.Top = picBall.Top ' actual Ball 'picBall'
.Left = picBall.Left
.Right = picBall.Left + picBall.Width
.Bottom = picBall.Top + picBall.Height
End With

If IntersectRect(ResRect, Ball, Paddle) Then ' A booleanesque 1 fires if the ball and paddle
Speed = Speed + 1 ' intersect. We reverse the UP/DOWN in that case
YY = -Speed
picBall.Left = picBall.Left + Int(Rnd * 28) + 14 ' this helps prevent getting stuck bouncing in the same places
Exit Sub
End If

For bars = 0 To ShapeBar.UBound ' Start a loop... one for each brick (i called them bars here for some reason)

With Brick(bars) ' draw the RECTangle location for each brick
.Top = ShapeBar(bars).Top
.Left = ShapeBar(bars).Left
.Right = ShapeBar(bars).Left + ShapeBar(bars).Width
.Bottom = ShapeBar(bars).Top + ShapeBar(bars).Height
End With

If ShapeBar(bars).Visible = True Then ' if a brick is visible, test for Collision with BALL!
If IntersectRect(ResRect, Ball, Brick(bars)) Then 'A booleanesque 1 fires and we hit a brick
ShapeBar(bars).Visible = False 'Hide that brick we hit
Speed = Speed + 1 'Go faster!
If YY > 0 Then Exit functional Collision Detection
''' lpDestRect receives the RESULTING rectangle where lpSrc1Rect and lpSrc2Rect meet.
''' the function returns 0 if no collision exists, and 1 if there is a collision
Sub ' Ball moving down? Then let it keep going!
YY = YY * -1 ' Reverse the ball's UP/DOWN direction
End If
End If
DoEvents ' it's a fast loop, but still, lets free windows for giggles
Next bars
End Sub


No Dolphins were harmed in the posting of this message... Dolphin Friendly Tuna!

 

[TheTuna]

Also Note that the IntersectRect Function returns a Long (either 0 or 1) If it returns 0, then there was no collision, if it returns 1, then yes, there was a collision.

Even though the function does also place the resulting rectange in lpDestRect, it's not needed for our purposes. All we want to know is if it returns zero or one.

Obviously, this is a tutorial, and the game doesn't have any sound, i don't test if you missed the ball, and once the bricks are all gone, the ball keeps moving until you end the program. I leave it up to YOU to check if the ball falls below the paddle (use a new RECT or test the ball's TOP property). Add some beeps using the Beep API. Write code to determine if all the bricks are gone...

Have fun!

No Dolphins were harmed in the posting of this message... Dolphin Friendly Tuna!

 

[strongm]

It's a useful technique, although I prefer using the related Regions variant, as illustrated by my code in thread222-334861, because regions can be any shape, not just rectangular (although the example in the given thread happens to use rectangles for the sake of simplicity).

 

[TheTuna]

I looked at the code you mentioned, and yes, it's a nice way to handle non-rectangular objects. Thanks StrongM for that...



No Dolphins were harmed in the posting of this message... Dolphin Friendly Tuna!