Very roughly speaking, the bus width of a cpu gives an indication of a cpu. This is because a 16 bit cpu reads and processes 16 bits at once, a 32 bit cpu reads and processes 32 bits at once, and so on. Therefore, if everything else was equal, a 64 bit cpu would process 4 times more information compared to a 16 bit cpu.
Life is not that easy, and there are a vast number of factors that effect the throughput of a cpu, regardless of its bus width.
This subject is not one which can be explained in a forum like this. You have to build your own knowledge and insight gradually, which means you have to search for information. Intel's web site, as well as the sites of other cpu manufacturers coul be useful. Entry level school books could also supply a starter information. Do not overlook the MS site, too.
Good luck,
Engin