I believe that SCANDISK will mark bad physical sectors. FORMAT will do the same but it also has a parameter that allows you to re-test clusters previously marked as "bad".
I realize that this isn't the answer you were seeking. The drive manufacturers are able to detect damaged disk areas and make them "disappear" so they don't even appear in the bad sector table but... the methods are proprietary, involving, I believe, a reprogramming of the on-board IDE controller.
Years ago, the manufacturers used to print a list of the bad sectors on the hard drive label. With the advent of really large hard disks, this practice was laid aside (the printers ran out of ink). The absence of this table doesn't mean that you are purchasing (for example) a 20gb hard drive with 20gb of good storage, only that you are purchasing a 20gb hard drive that is "free from errors".
If a drive has errors but the OS steps over them and goes its merry way then the existence of the errors is arguable. If a tree fell in the forest but nobody witnessed it, then did the tree really fall? If a drive has a bad sector that can't be detected, then does the drive have a bad sector?
It all depends on who you ask. The loss of a few 512 byte sectors on a modern hard drive can be easy to ignore.
I'm sorry I couldn't provide you with the answer you seek. You could contact the major HD manufacturers but I'm fairly certain that the answer isn't for sale.
Alt255@Vorpalcom.Intranets.com