The difference is considerable so it couldn't really be explained here. I would recommend you find a good source of info on X.25, which uses LAPB. Basically, it goes way off the deep end to ensure end-to-end data delivery. Was implemented in the US decades ago (still used in some military applications) and is still found in other parts of the world where the layer 1 infrastructure might be prone to error. As for HDLC, you can probably get a good idea of how it works by reading RFC 1662 (PPP in HDLC-like Framing). Don't know if it has it's own RFC.